Category Archives: Person

My father was an observant Jew as best he could be and felt that his two daughters, well more particularly, he felt that his youngest son, me, should have a Jewish education more than he could provide than in Roblin [Manitoba] where there were about 100 Jewish families. So we moved to Edmonton when I was in about grade five. I couldn’t go to Talmud Torah at that time because I hadn’t started with my contemporaries. In those days they had night classes and I wasn’t even equipped for the night classes yet. The night class teacher was a man by the name of Charles Koliger, Mr. Koliger, a delightful fellow, who I, in later years, learned to respect and reflectively enjoy, but I can’t say I embraced him with enthusiasm as a youngster. Because I was obliged by my father to attend the private lessons which would enable me or equip me to go to the night classes that would enable me to go to Talmud Torah. None of us in the night classes really were very attentive to our studies, we were young and wanted to play, but that’s why we came to Edmonton. My father sold a successful business to make the move and became a wholesale dry goods man in Edmonton. He purchased a business called Bond Dry Goods Limited from a Jewish man in Edmonton by the name of Mr. Jake Samuels. Then his entrepreneurial skills kicked in and, in addition to being a dry goods wholesaler here, he became interested in real estate and property. Having said that, he was a very active member of Beth Israel Synagogue and the Masonic Lodge. I followed in his footsteps into the Beth Israel family of synagogues but never joined the Masons. 

That’s interesting, my Bar Mitzvah was held at the old synagogue on 95th Street and I remember it well. I remember the party we had at our homes, Bar Mitzvah celebrations were a little more modest in those days. It was a lovely event, I know it pleased my parents to equip me to become a Bar Mitzvah. In addition, visiting with Charlie Koliger who went into business incidentally and opened a frozen meat business very successfully. But it also gave birth to his nickname amongst some of us — we called him “Frozen Charlie”, not to his face of course. We had a wonderful rabbi in those days in Edmonton, Rabbi Postone. My father was less than pleased with the lack of religiosity that the more secular study at the Talmud Torah presented, so he sent me to have lessons with Rabbi Postone twice a week. At the time I was a little resentful of having to take away play time for study time, but as the years followed I came to appreciate enormously the wisdom and the affection not only that I had for Rabbi Postone, but that many of my peers had for him. I don’t know if you’re aware that Rabbi Postone was, in football terms, a “triple threat” — not only was he a rabbi, and could daven beautifully, but he was a shochet, and also a mohel. So almost without exception, my contemporaries had been subject to his ministrations at Brit Milah though I missed out on that from him (I had elsewhere). We were all very fond of him. He was wise, gentle, and a wonderful rabbi. I still consider him retrospectively as my rebbe. Our night classes at Talmud Torah at that time, I think it was 103rd Street, just off Jasper Avenue. That was also the home of  and the beginning of my involvement with the Jewish community. It housed the various youth Jewish organizations such as Young Judaea and eventually AZA (I don’t think they spent much time meeting there). Certainly Young Judaea spent a lot of time there. It was a building that was much used. It had a huge second floor and one of my early memories is the celebration and large meeting that was held there in 1948 when Israel was declared a state. Then the school moved to its new location and that’s where my children attended. 

It’s interesting because we were members and the new Beth Israel was built on 119th Street and again, Rabbi Postone held classes there. I don’t know if we had a junior congregation — the junior congregation was held on 103rd Street at the old Talmud Torah building and Rabbi Postone prepared many of us to daven. His word was “This week you’ll be the shliach tzibbur” — the leader of the congregation, and we had to do shachris and then we went on to learn. Subsequently, we moved to the new synagogue. As a youngster we had Sunday morning tallis and tefillin clubs. I can still hear and see the deliberate cadence of Rabbi Postone leading us in the prayers so that we would learn them with him and be able to memorize them or say them with cadence and deliberation.  All my friends were there: David Grossman, now gone; Aaron Shtabsky, now gone; my venerated friend, Ron Bercov; Ed Pakes, who’s still alive ministering to the needy and in Toronto; Jack Cohen; we had a whole cadre of people. 

The other building that I should mention is Beth Shalom, the building on 119th Street. When it was first built, the community contributed to it, even members of Beth Israel — my father contributed, my wife’s father, Abraham Estrin, was a contributor. Many, many people contributed because they held out that it would be a location where we could meet and play, which we did. AZA [BBYO] used to have its meetings there and they had a gymnasium on the second floor. As a grade eight, grade nine, great ten, we played basketball and it was a wonderful time in Edmonton because there was less abrasiveness between synagogue affiliation and more unity amongst young people as being just members of the community that could hang out together and play. 

I suppose I wasn’t a part of the Federation when the location was purchased overlooking the River Valley, but I was asked to be the first President of the Edmonton Jewish Federation when they emerged from the Community Council, as the spending element and United Jewish Appeal, the collecting element. That merger once again required some stick handling skill in terms of bringing the two facets under one roof, the spenders and the gatherers, so to speak. Over those years I used to take a different role because originally, I was an advocate for the Talmud Torah to receive funding from the United Jewish Appeal. Afterwards this new Federation set up had to adjudicate on applicants seeking funds. 

There are other buildings as well we could spend a little time on: the 95th Street building which apparently has had a number of renovations that became a Catholic church. As I understand it there’s rumblings that it might be available to become some sort of archival location and I’m hoping that it will. One of the great moves in Edmonton was the building and the creation of the new Talmud Torah which I believe was built in about 1999. At the same time that we were building the new shul in the West End there’s a bit of an unsung hero involved in Edmonton, perhaps a controversial figure but one who has done some essentially good things. His name is Barry Slawsky and he almost single-handedly took on the fundraising role to establish a new Talmud Torah school and he with his then-wife Cheryl were very, very instrumental in organizing a cadre of of people that moved heaven and earth to get enough private funding to put this school together. Kudos to them because the school itself is beautiful and it’s a wonderful location. On a personal note, of course you’re speaking to me, my family contributed to this school building project as did the family of my wife, as well as hundreds of others in greater or lesser degrees. What’s interesting to me is the fact that the land and that building belong to the Talmud Torah Society. It was purchased through negotiations by Barry Slawsky and from the school board and does not belong to them. That seems to be a thread that we have in Edmonton, hardcore capital places that we built and that have been created by public contributions remain. So hopefully as time changes in our community as it demographically shrinks with the inevitable ebb and flow of population trends in Canadian communities. Edmonton seems to be on a bit of a wane right now but there are great opportunities for young people to move to this great city. We do have a Jewish community that can be made as vibrant as the members of the community want it to be and the city itself has the opportunities that make life here quite pleasant, and I might say, affordable. When I hear about the cost of tuitions in major cities like Toronto and Montreal and reflect on tuition costs at our Talmud Torah which are significant for an age group of parents that have children here, our parents in Edmonton are blessed with the situation of being a member of the Edmonton Public School Board and having defrayed ever so much of the possible in that context. I just have one general observation, again in that context, Edmonton has nurtured me in terms of being a young man involved in Jewish organizations where I learned and had the opportunity to chair meetings and to see how organizations run. It served me personally in good stead. As a high school student, a few of the Jewish community attended Victoria Composite High School as a brand new school as opposed to Westglen High School where most of our Jewish youngsters took their secondary education, notwithstanding the small number of Jewish students at Victoria Composite High School which was a veritable melting pot at that. In the ‘50s as a brand new school I became school president of that school and once again, learned to swim in waters that carried diverse interests and a cooperative way of diversity into a cohesiveness that moved forward. That too served me in good stead at the University of Alberta where I studied Political Science and extracurricularly where I was a member of the debating society and the Political Science Club, I think I was president of both of those, as well as other organizations. I remember in 1956 or ‘57 hearing John Diefenbaker speak for the first time on the Suez Crisis. His voice still resonates in my ears. While I didn’t become a member of his party, I did answer the speech from the throne in our Mock Parliament where I was involved, and we changed the name from Mock to Model Parliament. That political involvement moved forward when I graduated from law school and both my wife, who was the real politician in our family, and I became heavily involved in a variety of public political processes, provincial and federal. We’ve been recognized so much by the community and we’re so grateful to the community. One of the highlights and  memories we have is our involvement at the Negev Dinner, it was a grand affair. Important to note as well, in terms of Beth Israel not only was I Bar Mitzvahed in Beth Israel but Esther and I were married in the Beth Israel on 119th Street. Each of our children were married in Beth Israel; the two girls married on 119th Street and my son Daniel and Marina were the first marriage to take place at the new Beth Israel Synagogue on Wolf Willow. I think that that’s a history for my family worth remembering and certainly makes the facilities of. Since I was Bar Mitzvahed at the old 95th Street synagogue, it gives me a really unique connection to those buildings.

My roots with the City of Edmonton’s synagogues are long and deep. My paternal grandfather, Solomon Estrin, was the “sexton” or the shammash of the old Beth Israel synagogue on 95th Street. He did that in about the 1920s and his primarily religious duties made it the job of his dreams. When they sold the homestead and came into Calgary, it was very difficult for him to get a job because he wouldn’t work on Shabbat. When he got this job in Edmonton, it was amazing. From the information I’ve gleaned from his obituary, written by Mr. Jacob Baltzan, he was fulfilled and happy in that position until his death in 1932. Actually in the written material, it was apparently the largest Jewish funeral of that time. Solomon was beloved and respected for his knowledge of Torah and for his people skills. Our grandfather Solomon bought a small two-story house next to the synagogue on 95th Street. I have a copy of the invitation for my parents’ wedding which took place at that synagogue on July 5th, 1925 at 5 pm 101110 95th Street, and the reception following at 9510101 Street or Avenue (I’m not sure which one it is today).

My siblings, three of them, were born and lived in that house along with our grandparents until 1939 when the house was sold. The family moved three miles west to 122nd Street, which was then the “new West End”. It was a better house, a better neighborhood, and a more affluent lifestyle. Lots of Jewish families moved to that area from the East End and we were surrounded in our neighborhood by, if I recollect correctly, the Superstein family, the Taradish family, the Ritches, the Shtabskys, Dr. Shlain and his mother, and on and on. I personally was born on January 7th, 1940 and was transported to that home on 122nd Street. It was a small-ish two-story yellow stucco house and it was in the location where Paul Kane Park is today. The corner was Christ Church, where I attended Brownies, and one block away was Robertson Church, so you can identify it. Our house was also in proximity to what was going to be the “new” Beth Israel synagogue on 119th Street, but it hadn’t been built yet. It was also close to the Glenora Figure Skating Club on 120th Street where I spent every day after school doing figure eights and three jumps trying to improve. I think I was then in grade six and seven at Oliver School. On the same street, on 120th Street, was the Glenora Figure Skating Club and next to it was the Royal Curling Club. They actually merged and became the Royal Glenora Club, which is in our River Valley today and where Howard and I have membership and enjoyed a lot of athletic activities with our children in the coming years. I do have a few memories of the old Beth Israel on 95th Street: one memory is of my mother, Rebecca [Becky], and I climbing the stairs to sit in the balcony with the other ladies where we could throw candies at the Bar Mitzvah boys below. I also have a memory of standing with my father close to the front of the synagogue underneath the balcony and he was holding my hand. I was surrounded by lots of elderly men with tallesim on and one of which I think was Mr. Nelson, who was then the shammash of the shul on 95th Street. In that front corner there were benches and you lifted up. almost like a shelf, it was on a hinge and underneath that hinged piece were the siddurim and the tallesim. That’s how they were stored then and those are my memories of that synagogue, even though I was a very small girl at the time.

In the early 50s, our parents moved again to the “new West End” and their new home was at 13822 Ravine Drive and they designed and built that home. They were not the only ones — all of those people mentioned before all moved to the “new West End” again. We were surrounded again by many people: the Rollinghers, the Bernsteins, the Laskins, the Pekarskys. So many people bought homes in that area at that time. I guess when we moved I was in grade eight and I was enrolled at the new Westminster Junior High School. When I went there, I have to say I loved the school, I loved my teachers, I loved my classmates, and I think it was there, I believe, that I learned to love school. My destiny was set — it was going to be education and ultimately, teaching. Westminster at that point had been open for about a year, and I was tasked with writing the school constitution for Westminster School. Well the good news was that I had a brother, Saul, who was then enrolled in law school at the University of Alberta. Together we produced the constitution. Much later in life, well not so much later, I returned to that school, Westminster and I was a teacher there of Drama and English. One of my star students in Drama was Fred Singer. I enjoyed my time there, really enjoyed. My children were junior high age and it was just a pleasure to teach junior high students then. Much, much later our granddaughters Molly and Hannah picked Westminster as their school of choice for junior high school, so it does have meaning for us. 

I mentioned the store and I think that’s kind of interesting and that you might like to hear about that. When I said that my dad worked six days a week, he owned one of the wooden stores on 101st Street between the King George Hotel and the CN tracks. That stretch had a multitude of Jewish men selling goods, from fur and hides to hardware, all along that strip. My father’s store was called the Standard Exchange and the sign above it read “we buy and sell anything of value”. After many years of making a very nice living there he replaced his wooden store with a smart new brick structure. He sold that building at 10235-37 101st Street to a developer who was developing the Four Seasons Hotel, which is now the Sandman where Chops is located. I’ve actually got the cornerstone of that building in my garden. 

I’m going to go back a little and transition from that Westminster school that I told you about. When it was time for me to go to high school most of the Jewish kids went to Westglen High School. Very few went to other schools, a couple did, but Westglen was the key place for Jewish kids. It turned out that Westglen was way overcrowded and they were going to build the school Ross Sheppard then. In the interim a certain group of young people were asked to go to Victoria Composite High School and I was designated as having lived in the area which would go to Vic. It was the newest and largest high school. It was called Vic Composite then because it had a big academic building in the front and at the back, were tons of buildings where they provided education in the trades. You could study plumbing there, you could study any of the trades, and so it was really a huge school. Anyway, I was in the academic section and I came in and I spotted an individual. At that point I thought to myself “I think this guy (who was then the president of Vic) is going to be my life companion”. Sure enough, it was Howard Starkman and he did become my life companion. Some years later I returned to Victoria School and I taught there. I was an English teacher there. Then a third reiteration, I actually came back to Victoria School in Continuing Education. It’s interesting to note that the old Vic School, the predecessor of this giant composite school, educated most of the children of the Jewish families from the East End. That’s the school that Joseph Shoctor, who founded the Citadel, went to, that’s the school that Arthur Hiller, the famous director, went to, and so it does have a huge history for our Jewish families and for the city of Edmonton. 

My first teaching position was at Queen Elizabeth High School where I taught English and Drama. That first year I had grade twelve students who were almost as old as I was, and certainly larger and very much taller, even when I wore my three-inch heels, which in those days teachers wore, believe it or not. We produced our first year play which was “Arsenic and Old Lace” and my then fiance Howard sold out the house to everyone he knew, his relatives, his friends, other articling students, other lawyers, and we jam-packed the place.

At that school where I taught, Queen Elizabeth High School, I first met and worked with Mr. Michael Strembitsky and he went on to become the superintendent of Edmonton Public Schools. He was superintendent during my tenure as school trustee. If we’re talking buildings, one of the buildings that means part of my essence and part of my being and where I reinforce my support for excellence in public education, is the big blue building on Kingsway in 101st Street.

I have to say that I believe strongly in a high quality public education system based on fairness, inclusiveness, accessibility, fiscal accountability, and a commitment to excellence for all students. I was really thrilled to be elected to serve on the public school board for two terms and part of that as board chair. So needless to say, that blue building became a home to me every Tuesday night, and sometimes more often, for about eight years. So it’s a place of quiet, it’s a place of intelligence, it’s a place that I like to come to, and even now, I’ve been privileged to work on a diversity day conference for youth. I come back to that building to work with some of the staff and I’m always pleased to be there.

I was a teacher for over 30 years, but in 1975 I took a little bit of a slight career change. I went into Continuing Education teaching adult upgrading first at Vic and later at Alberta Vocational College, now Norquest. What is adult education? Well at the beginning, when I worked in those two places, we were adapting high school courses for adults. You can’t teach the same literature and you can’t have the same stories or perspective for adults that you have for young students, so that was our challenge. AVC, as it was known, was located on 108th Street and 102nd Avenue, it’s still there but it’s greatly expanded. They have almost taken over all of 108th Street between 102nd and 103rd Avenues. It was a return to a downtown school from the old Talmud Torah to AVC where I worked for more than 15 years. 

It might interest you to note that Alberta Vocational College was established for army veterans who came back and wished to have some retraining. That was the beginning of that school and it subsequently has maintained its main purpose of retraining, but of course has added things since that time. I had fun there. I did teach some regular classes teaching English to the equivalent of grades 11 and 12. I also did some Continuing Education in the sense that I developed an English program for Russian physicians. They were young kids in their 20s who were already accepted at a medical school in Canada and we worked for the improvement of their language skills before they went to Dalhousie to take their medical training. I also did, which was kind of ahead of its time, I created and managed a cross-cultural training program with an Aboriginal focus for a power company. We were teaching them how to deal with their customers when they went out to deal with power issues. 

In 1989, I was elected as a public school trustee. In the fall, when civic elections are on and sometime late September, just after the election, I was called into my senior supervisor at the college. I thought I had really done something wrong and that I was in trouble but it turned out that he asked me, now that I was an elected school trustee, if I could coordinate an initiative for literacy. He had been involved in an adult literacy group, along with a chap from Edmonton Catholic Schools and they wanted to have a major bang-up initiative because 1990 was declared the International Year of Literacy by the United Nations. There’s been another one since, but that was the one. So he said “because you’re a trustee, maybe you can get Edmonton Public Schools involved and we can do something”. My answer to him was that I didn’t want to do any fundraising, but would be happy to do other things. I went back to my school board people and actually the idea caught fire. This was the first initiative and the only initiative, really, for school children to hold hands with adults and to preach literacy. It had always been adult illiteracy and the schools looked after literacy, because that’s what schools are about. The project started with Alberta Vocational College, Edmonton Public Schools, and Edmonton Catholic Schools, probably the first time they joined hands to do anything of this nature. There was no cost — everything was done by the personnel of those three organizations. In those years AVC had a printing shop and we did the print there. It came into being, some time later we were joined by the Edmonton Public Library, by Grant MacEwan College, by the University of Alberta, by the Francophone School District, and one year even by the Royal Bank. It became a weekly annual celebration of literacy. So every year, the first week in October, schools throughout the city (Public, Catholic, Francophone) celebrate Read In Week. 

Read In, which I was lucky enough to create and share and participate in over the years, is a city-wide initiative which raises public awareness for literacy and its important role in the success of individuals and communities. The event is an annual week-long celebration during the first week in October, There’s usually about a hundred thousand students and volunteers reading in schools, libraries, and other public places. One year, we bungee jumped for Read In, one year we did poetry at an Edmonton Eskimos football game, and we had an opening at the beginning of the week and a closing at the end of the week. In more than 75% of the times over the years, the Minister of Education would come. People just loved reading and they loved to participate. It was a great opportunity for adults who hadn’t been to school for a long time to come into a school, to talk to the kids, read them stories, and get feedback from the kids. It is great for the kids to find out what they do in real life and how important literacy is for them. I was very fortunate to be in attendance and to participate in 2019 when we had a huge celebration for the 30th anniversary of Read In, in the public school which bears my name. I have to say, there are not many initiatives which last, now, 32 years — it’s been a long run for Read In.

In 1996, you may find this interesting, I was honored to be named ship sponsor of HMCS Edmonton. I had the great thrill of cracking a champagne bottle to launch the ship in Halifax and then the next summer, to commission the ship in Esquimalt, BC at the other coast. I believe that I’m the only Jewish person to have launched a Canadian naval vessel. The ship is an adjunct to the City of Edmonton and proudly represents our city wherever it sails. If you don’t get out to the West Coast to see the HMCS Edmonton in dock, you can go to City Hall here and you can see a perfect two-scale model of it done the year that it was commissioned. It was flattering to me and it was exciting that some of the sailors from the HMCS Edmonton were so inspired by Read In — one captain whose wife was a teacher, decided to have a Read In at her school and the winners who read a certain number of lines and books were invited to be take a trip on the HMCS Edmonton to have a scavenger hunt there. Another year, the sailors who always donate a certain amount to charity, took their money and three sailors came to Edmonton and spoke to the kids at Read In. Then donated x number of books to the Read In, so it was really very interesting to have those two initiatives cross paths. 

I guess it’s no secret to say that not only my vocation but my passion in life was and continues to be education. The old mantra “free education with the addition of excellence” remains part of my advocacy. When I’m privileged to speak to the young sailors at Esquimalt, I advocate for and reflect on the benefits of life-long learning, which they’re doing as they man these ships. Our children’s future and, indeed, our country’s future is dependent on the fundamental core value endorsed by so many and certainly by so many of our Jewish faith. We are called the People of the Book. Following my years as a public school trustee and chair of the board, I’m so humbled and appreciative to have my name associated with a very successful K-9 public school in Terwillegar. It was opened in 2010. The Esther Starkman School may pay tribute to me on a personal level, but it should be noted that it reflects as well the inclusiveness of our community of Edmonton, inasmuch as I am identified as Jewish by faith. Thank you.

I’m Elexis Schloss and that’s a tricky name to say quickly. And I’m Eric Schloss. 

I’m a southern girl, I’m from Medicine Hat. [Eric] was born in Camrose and grew up in Camrose. Well I came because we got married and we’d like to live together. I came to Edmonton and honestly it was love at first sight not only for Eric, well you already know Paula how much I love Edmonton. I came here 53 years ago, we’ve been married 53 years.

Elexis has an interesting story about Medicine Hat. Growing up in Medicine Hat we had a fabulous Jewish community of about 40 families. My grandmother bought the first synagogue there which was a used Model T dealership. When I was a little girl, I knew nothing about any problems or anything — I wish the world the whole world was that naive. I had a friend over and then the next day I went to her house. Then she came behind the screen door and she said “I’m sorry, you can’t come in,” and I said “Well why? what did I do?”. She said, “No, my grandmother says I can’t play with you anymore because you killed Jesus,”. So I said “It wasn’t me, I don’t even know Jesus! It must have been my brother Lionel, he’s always in trouble,”. So that was my first bit of antisemitism. Not only that, I was so afraid to go to Calgary because I heard Jesus died in Calgary — but it’s actually Calvary. 

But the community was so interesting that in the Museum of the Diaspora in Tel Aviv, I came around the corner and there was a picture of our entire cheder class in black and white, with all of the kids and the rabbi. It was an example of Western Jewish communities.

As I said, I grew up in Camrose but I came with my parents and family to all the high holidays in Edmonton and to the seder at my aunt’s. My folks belonged to the Beth Shalom and it was on 103rd Street — the old Talmud Torah at that site, but I had the first Bar Mitzvah in 1951 at the new building on Jasper Avenue, so that’s my claim to fame. Other than that, my memories of growing up and coming to Edmonton are based mainly on visiting. We usually went over to my aunt’s [and uncle’s], [their] name was Joe and Fanny Samuels. They lived on Connaught Drive at the time, not far from where our house is now. I was very familiar with this area and that’s where we had come for high holidays, seders, and everything else. The other place in Edmonton that I was very familiar with, actually was the Macdonald Hotel because my mum and dad were in the clothing business so they came in to see travelers there. They’d take my brother and I with, so we’d spend Sunday afternoons in the Macdonald Hotel running around the hotel as kids. We’d read our comic books and see all the other Jewish men in the clothing business in the halls, so that was fun. I really can’t think of any place more than that. Another place very important to us was the old Talmud Torah because our children went there.

As time went on, my other strong relationship was — I was the Chief of Design for the Beth Israel synagogue when it was being built out in the West End. I was working with Joe Shoctor to get that building up. 

You know [the old Talmud Torah building on 135th Street] was a lovely building and just to drive up and the camaraderie of all of the other Jewish mothers picking up their kids carpooling,  it was very special. 

When I was in university, I lived in the Sammy House, it was the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity on the South Side — it was on 88th Avenue. Not far,  just around the corner, was the tuck shop which was the main place that people had coffee and such on campus. So it was very central and there were there were almost no apartments at that time, this was in the 50s and uh so uh those of us from out of town had lived in the fraternity house and most of the people there were from Calgary because Calgary had hardly any university at the time. A lot of the guys that were there were in engineering at the time, a lot of them were in chemical engineering like Irving Kipnes was, but almost none of them stayed with chemical engineering. Anyways, I was there for about three years. The fellows in Edmonton who were going to university would come over for lunch and I remember there was always an argument about where should we get our kosher food from — Friedman’s or Zal’s the butcher. There’s always an argument.

Part of my love for Edmonton was when I moved here, I didn’t know a single soul. I didn’t know anyone and the community of the ladies were so welcoming. Millie Singer took me under her wing, Celia Boltzen and Ceta Margolis were just wonderful to me and immediately brought me into the Jewish organizations. For several years we put on a beautiful ball once a year at the Macdonald Hotel. Just getting to know these ladies — and they would have me for lunch — and people like the Weinlos’s, who invited us for our first seder. The community was so warm that I just loved it immediately. 

We remember that house particularly because it’s off Ravine Drive. I was by the other day and the house, of course, is still there, but it was famous because it was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. It was one of the few Edmonton houses that was really well known. Actually, an American author did a pictorial of all of the Frank Lloyd Wright buildings and their house was in it. As well, he actually influenced us too because when Elexis did the design for the new Beth Israel synagogue we had just been to Chicago. We went over to the neighboring community where Frank Lloyd Wright lived. We saw the houses, and the type of brick that was in many of them we used, or Elexis used, for the design of the exterior of the new Beth Israel synagogue. I was very influenced by that type of design. I was involved with the architect from the beginning and they did all of the work with designing the exterior and I did all of the interior. I think it stood up for itself over time, it still looks very contemporary but warm. That was the look I was going for — it was about 20 years ago, I can’t believe.

Are there any places that meant something to you but are no longer in existence? If so, what do you miss about them?

Well I was thinking of the Sammy House and the houses that my aunt and uncle lived in, first on Connaught Drive. The houses are still there but of course they’re not there. I have lots of memories about them and also my uncle’s brother was also Samuel, Ralph Samuels, Dr. Harold Samuel’s father. I was always over at their house too, I called them Aunt Rose and Uncle Ralph. So the families were very close at the time. With me Paula, you know I was the Chief of Design for Maclab for 18 years so I’ve done a lot of housing. I try, I make an effort not to remember everything or I’d be so sentimental all the time. But any and everything in Edmonton I think is beautiful. 

We’ve been in our house for 42 years, but about 30 years ago there’s a well-known film director Anne Wheeler who was well known in Edmonton. They asked us whether they could use our house for a film called Angel Square which was being shot mainly on the South Side. So they went and they put snow in front of our house, it was a Christmas scene supposed to be in the 1940s. So there was a scene in the front, they put actually a Christmas tree in our front window, and then they were shooting it and the girl who was directing it, actually her name was Wolch, she was a cousin to Ron Wolch, I think she was from Winnipeg. Anyways, they were filming it and all of a sudden she said “Halt! Hold! Cut, cut, cut!” Everybody said “What’s the matter?” She said “We’ve got to remove the mezuzah from the door!” With Santa coming, this was Christmas. So anyway, it was a funny incident. I have a picture, actually, from it. I don’t know if you can see this, we started the movie and Elexis said that she looked like Joan Crawford and I was Humphrey Bogart. We’re with our son JJ who was a teenager at the time. Anyway we all dressed up for that, I took time off for work, and we had a lot of fun. So the next scene was in the Corbett Hall. They turned the basement into an old Woolworth’s store and there were Christmas decorations. JJ and I were supposed to be shopping. We wound up on the cutting room floor, but Elexis was in the filming. The star of the film was Ned Beatty, he was Santa Claus. I remember we brought a whole bunch of people over for the premiere, to watch Elexis premiere as a star. Then we offered an award to anyone who could find Eric and JJ. We never ended up in the film, but this house that we live in has been used for other movies, for commercials. 

This house has a really interesting history Paula, because in the 30s when Aberhart was the Premier, he was a pretty mean guy. The Lieutenant Governor and his wife were living over in Government House, behind the old museum. So Aberhart went one night to the Lieutenant Governor and he said “I want passage on two orders, I want royal assent on two things: the first one is complete censorship over the Edmonton Journal,” and the Lieutenant Governor said “No chance,”. The second ask was he wanted to print Alberta money and the Lieutenant Governor said, “Again, sorry,”. Aberhart was very vindictive and didn’t know that the beautiful building was not owned federally, it was owned provincially. So he sent in packers and evicted them from the house the very next morning. There’s a wonderful picture of them out on 102nd Avenue with the dog, the nanny, the prams, the children, and their luggage all out on 2nd Avenue. Our house was actually built by Alberta’s first Supreme Court Justice and he said to them, “Look, I’ve been dying to move into that brand new Macdonald Hotel, why don’t you move and take my house?” So this house, actually, for 11 years was Government House. When I was first looking at it, there were two of those little Birks picture frames on the mantle. And in childish handwriting said “thank you for letting us stay with you, Princess Margaret and Princess Elizabeth.” So the house has a wonderful history. When our daughter was young and if she wasn’t behaving, I would say to her, “Queen Elizabeth stayed in that room, you better go hang up your clothes.” It didn’t work.

So the first one would be Beth Israel synagogue, particularly the second location that Beth Israel had downtown in the Glenora area on 119th Street. My family’s always been associated with Beth Israel and I used to attend as a child. I mostly would go on Simchat Torah because it was a lot of fun watching the Torah being marched around the synagogue. I was a little girl, so I didn’t have to sit in the women’s section exclusively, I could sit with my brother and my dad and it was a lot of fun. The rabbi would toss candy to the children and I remember the beautiful red velvety seats that were in the pews in the women’s section quite vividly. A number of those pews are now in the current Beth Israel. They were brought over and they’re in the small chapel that’s in the new Beth Israel on the women’s side. It was always a little bit of a production to get there because my father is Shomer Shabbos and he won’t drive on Saturdays. There was a rabbi who was in the community at one point who made a minhag that it was acceptable to take the bus if a ticket was used, not cash and the ticket was pre-torn and carried in an appropriate fashion. So it was always a big deal getting ready in the morning to go and having our bus tickets and walking to the bus stop. That was also like the first time I ever took public transit. I went to the bus stop and we took the bus. We got off by some sort of used car dealership and walked the rest of the way to the synagogue. There would be an ice cream party in the basement for the kids — that was always a lot of fun. Eventually it stopped being so much fun because I became a teenager and I had to sit in the women’s section, and I was too old to take part in the ice cream party. Being a typical teenager I sort of lost interest in religion altogether and kind of got interested in other things. Life pulled me in other directions but Beth Israel is part of my life once again. In more recent years after my mother passed away, of course we needed a rabbi to officiate the funeral. So my father, being Orthodox asked for the rabbi at Beth Israel, who is currently Rabbi Zolly Claman. We began attending there again — my father and my brother are both involved on the Board of Directors there and prior to COVID I attended, I’d say semi-regularly. Occasionally on Shabbat and the High Holidays and special events. So probably once restrictions lift and it’s safe to do so, I will probably resume doing that. 

Temple Beth Ora has also been a presence in my life here and there over the years. I’ve attended Bat Mitzvahs there — I have a friend who never had a Bat Mitzvah when she was a teenager so for her 40th birthday she decided to have the Bat Mitzvah that she never had. She’s a part of Temple Beth Ora so that’s a memory for me there. That’s in the current location, where the Chevra Kadisha also is. During COVID I’ve been Zooming into a number of services at Temple Beth Ora as well. 

Other places of importance to me would be the Jewish Cemetery. Even before my mother’s passing I’ve always found it a really interesting place. I’m very much interested in history and in particular, Jewish history. I used to write for the newsletter for the the Jewish Archives and Historical Society of Edmonton and Northern Alberta, and I would occasionally just go to the Jewish Cemetery just to look at the headstones and see the names of all these people who were founders of the community and people who are really important in the community, and also people that I’ve known over the years. I just find it a really serene and beautiful place and the art on a lot of the headstones is just beautiful. I think it’s very interesting to see the different styles of headstones over the years and how they’ve changed. I just find it a very interesting place. I used to attend the Holocaust remembrance services — they used to be held in the cemetery until they moved to the Legislature where there is now a Holocaust memorial sculpture built by Susan Owen Kagan.

As well, Bliss Bakery is a place that I tend to frequent because it’s the only kosher bakery in Edmonton. As far as I know, it’s the only place in Edmonton where you can get kosher prepared food and I love their doughnuts so I’m there quite a bit. Another place would be Andy’s IGA. In doing some of these interviews I’m actually surprised Andy’s IGA hasn’t come up yet, so I wanted to bring it up because Andy’s IGA has been one of the only places in the city where you can buy kosher meat. It’s mostly frozen, they do have some prepackaged deli now that you can get that is not frozen and quite good. It used to be like the place people would go to do their Passover shopping because they always bring in [everything]. I remember the big wall of matzah and all of the foods and everything for Passover. There are one or two other groceries in Edmonton that now have a limited Passover and kosher meat selection but to me, Andy’s Valleyview IGA has always been the place that my family would do the bulk of its kosher meat and Passover shopping expeditions, particularly after there was no longer a kosher butcher in Edmonton. So speaking of that, places from the past that are of note to me would be the old Zal’s kosher butcher and the Edmonton Kosher Deli. I used to go there with my dad all the time as a child and as a teenager to buy meat. I knew the owners — I would see Mr. Nate Siegel on a regular basis. He was the mashgiach in the community for quite some time, but my favorite person who I’d always see there was Feivel Zalmanowitz who worked at the front counter. He was just a very kind man and when I was a child, sometimes he would have some pareve chocolate or candy or I’d want to buy a chocolate bar and he just gave it to me for free one time. He was just a really warm, friendly person and I’d always enjoy going to the butcher shop. My parents used to order in quite a lot of kosher meat and specialty cuts. Feivel always did what he could to accommodate my parents requests and I remember one time the phone rings and my mother answers and it’s not, “Hi it’s Feivel here and your order has come in,” it was, “I got the veal!” I guess there was some kind of veal order that my parents had made and I remember my brother saying “Oh my gosh it’s a good thing he got the right number,” because that would have been quite shocking to somebody at the other end who would have no idea what he was talking about. I remember my grandfather visiting, my grandfather was a kosher butcher and he was visiting Edmonton. We took him to Edmonton kosher deli and got to meet the owners and the butchers there, and and there’s actually a photograph of my grandfather that I’ll put on the screen, of him and Nate Siegel and Noach and Feivel Zalmanowitz all together in Edmonton Kosher Meats. That would have been taken in the mid-80s, I think I would have been around 11-ish when it was taken. Other places would be the old Jewish Community Center, I guess it’s the Hillcrest Country Club area because that’s where the Jewish Archives was located. I was writing for the newsletter for the Jewish Archives so I would always go there to meet with Debby Shoctor, who was then the archivist and to look at files and do research. It was in a very beautiful location. I’d usually ride my bicycle over there and spend some time wandering around the area. Other places would be, I guess the last one would be Bon Ton bakery. As a little girl and even up to now, I take regular trips there. Of course as a child I’d go with my father to pick up bread and treats. I remember the little gingerbread people that I think they still sell and the happy face cookies. There are a lot of things that they sold back then that they don’t sell anymore that I miss, like the rum cake and the hamantaschen. I remember going there all the time with my dad. I remember meeting Mr. Edelmann who was the owner. Mr. Edelmann was a Holocaust survivor so that led my father to tell me, to educate me about the Holocaust and I remember Mr. Edelmann just being really friendly. I really enjoyed going to Bon Ton as well, because usually it meant I’d end up with a cookie or a treat or something to take home. When you’re a kid, that’s a big thing. I would say the one place that is the most similar that’s still around and is still the most similar to the way it was when I was a child would be IGA. Especially since Andy himself is still involved in IGA. I would say that that has probably a very similar meaning for me and a feeling for me when I go there. When I think about Beth Israel it’s a different location now, Bon Ton over the years has changed owners a couple of times and the vibe has changed a little bit, a lot of the merchandise has changed, a lot of the things that I used to go there for on a regular basis they don’t sell anymore — which is I mean, that’s you know just part of change. That’s just part of the way things change over time. I’m certainly not complaining about that, but I do feel differently about the place now.

Bliss Bakery wasn’t around when I was a kid so that’s been something more recent. Temple Beth Ora that’s also something that’s more recent. I would say that Andy’s IGA would have a similar feeling for me as a child and now because it’s still around for me to have something to compare it with. It’s a place that hasn’t changed all that much really.

I probably have to say Beth Israel Synagogue to answer that. As a child it was fun, it was a fun place to go and it was special because I didn’t go very often. It was always fun because if you were a kid it was fun and then that changed when I got older. Returning there now as an adult, I have the hindsight to reflect upon how I felt about attending when I was a child but I think looking at my myself in a more I guess you’d say “mature way” and wanting to experience services from an Orthodox point of view even though I myself am not what you would call observant in an Orthodox way… it’s something that I find I’m getting to know more about the community, but I’m also getting to know more about myself and trying to make connections in my life. For me, today it’s a really kind of enlightening experience because somebody with my, shall we say someone… who leans in the political direction in which I lean, which is quite far to the left, people like me are not usually found in Orthodox spaces, at least that’s been my experience. So for me to navigate an Orthodox space as the person who I am, I’m finding it very interesting and I’m finding it a learning experience for sure. I would say that a few years ago it’s not even something I would really have given a whole lot of thought to because why would I? Why would I really concentrate about or think about that? I wasn’t really involved in any religious community a few years ago and it wasn’t something that particularly interested me, but you know cycle of life events happen and those tend to be the times that we connect to our cultures and to our heritage, so that is more when I started thinking about… You know Beth Israel was the choice because that was what my father wanted and that’s the synagogue that he’s always been affiliated with. Then when he and my brother started attending regularly I figured you know, okay I’ll give it a chance. Sometimes it’s important for us to step out of our comfort zone and to mingle with people who have different views than we do. I think that if you’re always in your own echo chamber you don’t have the opportunity to grow that you do if you step out of your comfort zone. It doesn’t mean you have to agree with everybody and it doesn’t mean that they have to agree with you, but it’s important as people to grow and learn over life and to reflect on who you are.

I think that a space, a physical space, might be less important now than it did say even like 20-25 years ago. COVID has really shown us this — we can be connected in ways without necessarily having a space. I’ve been zooming in to synagogue services in Vancouver and making new connections and meeting new people. There are things now that simply were impossible even ten years ago, even five years ago, so I’m not sure having a physical space is as much of a need as it was in past generations. Certainly there are spaces now that are Jewish spaces but are used interdenominationally or for special events where Jewish people from different backgrounds come together. We see that happen in all of the synagogues, at the Jewish Drop-In Center. There are Jewish events or Jewish-related events that happen in places that are not even traditionally Jewish like the Heritage Festival in Hawrelak Park, like the Jewish Film Festival which is held in a variety of locations, like the Holocaust memorial event that’s held on the Legislature grounds. There are Jewish connections to places now. We’re making Jewish connections in places that are not historically Jewish, so to have one overarching space, I don’t know, it  would almost seem not as necessary now.

First would be the Beth Shalom Synagogue because I grew up going there as a child. We were there a lot of course and through both my brother’s Bar Mitzvahs and Sunday school, so that might be the most significant place for me. I was married there, our children had their Bar Mitzvahs there. Our family goes there regularly, it’s our synagogue and it’s our go-to synagogue for any religious needs. I can’t even walk by or drive by without memories because I did spend a lot of time there as a child. So of course, those kinds of memories… and obviously they must have all been pretty positive, except that I got booted out several times, but even that’s a positive memory. 

There was actually a call for submissions and I put together a proposal with a maquette and my proposal was accepted. [Kagan’s father was a] refugee from Germany, he escaped from Germany just after Kristallnacht. That connection had a great deal to do with the construction and concept, but the actual reason I was chosen was because… I think what happened was the Federation put out a call to different artists in the city and I was one of them. So I was invited to submit a proposal — I had in my mind I wanted to create a sculpture that had a universal concept. Actually at the time I was working on small sculptures based on the ideas of vessels. So I was putting bowls and such into my sculptures and imagining them as vessels that had a human connection. So when I went to work on the concept for the memorial I immediately thought of a vessel concept. The first thing I was thinking about was doing some sort of a well that would be a sunken vessel. But that then evolved into the idea of a cup, specifically a Kiddush cup because I imagined it symbolizing an object that would be passed around and drunk from. That was a very universal idea of community, so I was connecting the idea of vessel to community. Because it was important to me that this was an object that people inherently would appreciate and connect to, that’s how the idea of having a Kiddush cup as the base for the idea for the sculpture came about. The Kiddush cup is cracked and broken, and the concept is that it’s this universal object of community that’s been battered and bashed but it still stands strong. The entwining metal bits that surround it represent oppression and fire, and the base of it is sitting on the prayer for the deceased and the quotations beneath it to lift people to have hope and hope in humanity. All of those things… there are little details in the base that I built that represent images on tombstones of people that died in the Holocaust. So one image is of a branch that’s broken. That is often seen on a child’s tombstone, not now but a hundred years ago where it symbolized a branch that was broken too soon. Another image is of a butterfly which we would see on Jewish tombstones, which symbolizes a metamorphosis or arising from the earthly soul to the heavenly soul. The third is of a Menorah which is often seen on a tombstone which symbolizes eternal light. So I put all these little details into the memorial. All I can say is that when I have done tours of the memorial these are some of the things I talk about and people are very interested. 

I was absolutely concerned with connecting with the Jewish community. It was of foremost important to me not just with the community, but to survivors of the Holocaust. It was the most important thing to me when I was building this structure that I connected with the community, that the structure connected, and so a hundred percent that’s what it was all about. When the memorial was first unveiled and then the years after… I would say that was number one, was that that connection was created, so a hundred percent, absolutely it’s hugely important that the memorial meant something, and is significant, that there is a connection, and that the memorial succeeded, really, to satisfy what the community needed in order to mourn and to pay tribute to the Holocaust.

The first one was Zal’s Kosher Market, no longer in operation so it’s not an advertisement, but it was the place where I would have first met the Jewish community. It was my dad and my uncle Feivel and our uncle Jack Woodrow’s store, and then from there I would say the next one I remember is Beth Israel synagogue, Talmud Torah, the Beth Shalom synagogue. The Talmud Torah was the center of it, where we all went to school. I would go to concerts where my older siblings were in them with Beth Israel shul on 119th Street, and Talmud Torah both for going to school and going to junior congregation Saturday mornings. You know those were all the places that I associated with being Jewish in Edmonton. The Talmud Torah school on 133rd Street 106th Avenue was also a place… when I went there, there was a grade seven for one year that I was there. After I went to Westminster Junior High School during the day, but three days a week we went to evening school at Talmud Torah until grade nine. Another place, the Chevra Kadisha and the Jewish Cemetery were also Jewish institutions, purely Jewish institutions that I remember. Later on, you know, as you age, the Chevra Kadisha and the Jewish Cemetery are places you visit more and more as people you know get older and pass on. 

I just have a couple of memories of two things — it would be on Shabbat afternoon, my dad was Shomer Shabbat but in the summer he would always regularly take me for a walk to the fountain on 133rd Street. I still associate that with Shabbat afternoon or later in the evening when the days were very long. That fountain is still there today although refurbished. The other thing I do remember is junior congregation. The kiddush, since we were kids, was not alcoholic but there was always these great little ice cream dixie cups and sandwich cookies. That sticks in my memory. One final thing, if Barry brought up the Chevra Kadisha, I remember being quite young but being at shul during the week for Mincha/Mariv and there was a meeting, a Chevra Kadisha meeting and since we are Kohanim and we’re not allowed to be part of the Chevra Kadisha. But a couple of the people that were involved in the Chevra Kadisha wanted to have my dad act as an arbitrator. There was a disagreement over that — the Chevra Kadisha was not being kept in neat and good order, and my father refused to be involved with that, I still remember that well. I forgot to mention about the Beth Shalom, it was also, although I didn’t realize it at the time, it was also sort of the Jewish Community Center. I think it was kind of designed, I remember seeing some plans, but we also had our AZA and BBYO meetings there. So it was a very central location for all of Jewish life in Edmonton. The thing was that the institutions that we’ve mentioned were really the only institutions and the only dichotomy would have been between the rules at the Beth Shalom which was Conservative and at the Beth Israel. There wasn’t a very big difference between them — Beth Shalom you sat together everybody and in the Beth Israel women’s and men’s seating were separate. But they were like a block apart and there was a free exchange of kids on the high holidays. I knew both buildings equally well. So I would say it was more of a unified community with the Talmud Torah being sort of the most central where almost every child went. We had, I think, at one time 360 kids and every grade had at least two classes of children. It was a very, very vibrant institution as well. Like the Beth Israel had Oneg Shabbat on Friday nights. I remember reading the bulletin and seeing who was the convener of it, I didn’t ever know what a convener was. 

We also had this unique look at the Jewish community because we all worked at the butcher shop at one time or another as “go boys”. We did delivery and just helped out. I had an encyclopedic knowledge of every customer’s address that I can still mention even though nobody lives at any of those places anymore. 

As Danny mentioned, the Jewish Community Center at the Talmud Torah was really the gym and they had a lounge there. That was it but I remember it being a hub of activity especially on Sunday. There was always something going. With respect to Danny’s encyclopedia memory of all the customers, if Barry or I are with him in a car driving in the city he will point out a house, and it might not even be the same house, it could it could have been torn down, but he’d ask us who lived there. We have to answer and usually we get it right.

The first butcher shop — there were two butcher shops that went under the name Zal’s Kosher. The first one was on 124th Street about 109th Avenue, it was there from, I would say, 1955 to maybe 1958. Then they built a building on 107th Avenue between 107th and 108th on the east side, I don’t have the exact address. Now Woodshed Burgers is where it is, and that lasted from 1958 to about 1981/82. Everyone retired and about five years later they decided to come out of retirement with Nate Siegel and his wife Lil. They opened up a butcher shop called Edmonton Kosher Meats and Deli. It was my uncle Feivel, my father, Noach Zalmanowitz, and Nate Siegel and his wife Lil on 127th Street and again between 109th and 110th Avenue. The building is still there and they operated that while they were all in their late 70s, maybe even to their 80s. It operated for five or six years. iIt was quite a funny place, quite a social place but certainly served a need in the community. It was funny being there — we were older by then, we were adults and being there and watching someone who was new who came in who thought this was a regular commercial enterprise and couldn’t believe how slow it was. I used to enjoy watching them sort of adjust to the fact that this was a hobby kosher butcher shop, but it was sort of operated as a kind of a hobby for senior citizens. It was quite a social place for people who liked to come in, people came in just to talk, not to buy anything. 

If I could add to the butcher shop, the Edmonton Kosher Deli that I gave rise to, which Barry was saying that it was a slow-motion butcher shop. My friend Dr. Jonathan Tankel who’s from South Africa, when he moved here he would buy huge orders of frozen meat because he was working in Valleyview. When he would be ready to pick up one of the boxes my uncle Feivel, he was in his late 70s or earlier 80s, would not allow Jonathan to carry it out to the car, he would have to carry it out to the car because it was always service first at that little kosher deli. 

Well the old Beth Israel synagogue on 119th Street is still there, but it’s somebody’s bachelor pad. It’s on 119th Street 102nd Avenue and it was purchased by someone who converted it into quite an elaborate residence. I live in that area now, in a condominium on Jasper Avenue 123rd Street. I walk to work and I walk past it every day and it always evokes memories. That whole area I associated with being Jewish in Edmonton, because that’s where the synagogue was, so it still means something. My wife and I were members [at Beth Shalom] as well as the Beth Israel because she preferred it, and we actually got married in Beth Shalom. At least some of my children had their Bat Mitzvah… one of them had their Bat Mitzvah at Beth

Shalom. Both of them are still very meaningful places and I always associate them with Jewish Edmonton. 

There was Alberta Bakery that was owned by the Schechter family on 95th Street. It had a retail in the front and then the bakery in the back. My dad and uncles actually sold Alberta Bakery bread — they made challahs. There wasn’t a widespread kosher certification with markings on all of the packages, but that was the place where you went for your bread. Then down the street about 10 blocks was the first Beth Israel synagogue. It still stands at 95th Street at the top of Cameron Avenue and it’s a lovely location. It was sold and it’s been a church for many, many years. It’s now clad in maybe aluminum or plastic siding, but underneath it, I remember my dad would drive by and he’d show me that on the corners there were these round balls as an architectural feature with Stars of David on them. That really made me wonder about it and as I’ve worked downtown for my entire adult life it has an historical plaque so I can see what it looked like. Which reminds me, my parents got married in that building. We have a very short film of them getting married inside and of them on the balcony for the reception. The first Beth Israel synagogue, which has the plaque on it now for pinpoint location, is owned by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese. It’s called Saint Boniface Church, it’s actually a German-speaking Catholic community. I was involved with the Jewish Archives and Historical Society of Edmonton and Northern Alberta on the project of trying to acquire that building when the Archdiocese no longer needed it for church, which at the time they thought would be pretty soon. We actually had a feasibility study done with an architect with experience in historical restoration. An engineering firm did it and the brick is still underneath the vinyl siding. The Archdiocese said yes, they would certainly want to see the building restored at the point in time that they no longer need it, but it’s not really an active project anymore. We followed up every year and I don’t think anybody actively pursues it, but I used to send a letter once a year indicating that we’re still interested in acquiring it and that it’s a historic resource even though it’s not designated and that we would want to be able to restore it. So who knows if that will ever happen. 

Danny I think or Barry mentioned that the community was not, as it was, a very unified community and that was also seen through kashrut. The Jewish Federation or whatever it was called — the Jewish Community Council at that time had an actual kashrut committee and kashrut, it was just a given that the Orthodox rabbi would be the supervisor, the mashgiach for the bakery and the butcher shop. And as I say, there were no EK stamps, there was nothing as Danny said, but the Federation made it a priority to have a kashrut committee. Paula, I think your father was chair of that committee along with Dr. Joe Bugis and Justice Ron Berger at times. And they ensured that there was a proper kashrut in the committee, there was custody in the community. There was made sure there was meat, there was baked goods, which I I think goes to Danny’s point that we were much more unified at that point. Such an animal no longer exists with the Jewish Federation. 

Another place that I do remember and I think Danny and Barry will remember because, again Saturday nights in the winter, Motzei Shabbat, my father would take me to Rubin’s Grocery. That was Florie Axler’s mother and father, Farrel Shadlyn’s grandparents. They owned a little convenience grocery store on about 95th Street and 115th Avenue, somewhere in there. They were both regular customers of the butcher shop so we would do reciprocity and Saturday we would go there and pick up a few groceries. I think that was also known as a bit of a Jewish landmark. There was a funny story about the Rubin’s grocery store because it was a rough area of the city eventually and I recall reading in the newspaper one day, I probably would have been, maybe in university, by that time early university, and there had been an attempted robbery that was not successful. The story was that when the robber came in and asked for money and Mr. Rubin had a big knife because he also sold meat. He picks up the knife and chases the robber away and the newspaper reporter said “Gee, that was fairly impressive, that was risky to do,”. And he said “Well, the robbery would have worked but there was one thing that the robber failed to take into account — that in 1932 I was a military policeman in the Polish army,”. 

We haven’t mentioned the newer buildings in the community and I think that speaks to something, because all three of us would have contributed substantially with both time and money into the building of the Beth Israel synagogue in Wolf Willow and the new Talmud Torah which is on about 173rd Street and about 68th Avenue. Our kids all went to the new Talmud Torah — the new Talmud Torah was central in terms of activities surrounding the Talmud Torah but not the community at large anymore. The neighborhood that it’s in is not as… I would say not as nice in terms of residential surroundings. But we never mentioned them, even though those were the ones that we would have contributed to the most and those were the ones that our children would have in their memories. For that the Beth Israel synagogue remained important because that was the continuity that we had. We were honored as brothers for something to do with the Beth Israel and I’m going to just bring a picture of the three of us that they took for the brochure because looking back on it, it’s interesting.

So while he’s doing that, Barry mentioned he went to grade seven at the Talmud Torah on 133rd Street, I think it was the first grade seven class. Two years later it wasn’t in operation for me, but for my children there was a junior high school that went all the way to grade nine as a day school. That lasted for quite a number of years and I think in the past few years the classes have gotten so that they’ve had to split classes. It’s not that there’s fewer Jewish people in the city, it’s that there is more choice, more diversity, and I think less of a connectivity to one central institution. 

There was also the Jewish Community Center on 156th Street that was very important in my children’s life. There was a swimming pool there, that’s where the cub scouts met, and the youth groups, and that’s where the Beth Ora Reform synagogue had its premises. So it was a community hub for a variety of reasons and it was sustained for about 25 years maybe, from inception. It was also just a beautiful piece of property with wonderful views, not unlike your virtual view behind you, Paula. But just the whole River Valley, with floor to ceiling windows. So it was there, but it was then decided to have a sort of a non-communal Jewish Community Center where all of the offices were central. The only truly universal organization is the Chevra Kadisha. When you talk about the importance of things, if I’m driving anywhere near there I will always make it a point to drive by the cemetery, even though I don’t stop and go there. That is also a real anchor for me — our parents are both there and as are our maternal grandparents buried there. We have not seen the graves because we’re Kohanim and we don’t go in except for the funeral of the immediate family. It has been an interesting observation watching the graveyard fill up. Over our lives, we’re all in our 60s, and just to see that and we know that there is a new piece of land for cemetery and that monies are being raised right now (there was an add-on to the United Jewish Appeal)… but it makes me wonder. I always thought that I would be buried at the cemetery here. 

A good Jewish community in terms of providing us with education and feelings of social and Jewish responsibility, as well as responsibility to the greater community. I wish I could turn back the clock and have a similar life for next generations, but that’s just the musings of a recent senior citizen. 

I have a strong identity to the past community, but I do feel that the community that exists today, and maybe it’s always that you look back at the good old days, I see quite a difference in the community. But still, very fond memories. I do have fond memories growing up with my brothers and getting beaten up on a regular basis too. I’m the baby so I just thought I’d throw that in.